Manufacture of glassware.



PATBNTBD Nov. 10, 1903.

J. PROEGBR. MANUPAGTURB op GLASSWARE.

., APPLIGATION FILED APR. 1, 1902.

8 SHEBTH-SHEBT 1.

no MODEL.

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PATENTED NOV. l0, 1903r LPROEGBR. MANUPACTURE op GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED APRKI. 1902.

8 SHEETS-'SHEET 2.

No MODEL. y

PATENTED NOV. l0, 1903.

J. PROBGEB.

MANUPAGTURB 0F GLASSWARB.

PPLIUATIN FILED APE. 1| 1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET B.

N0 MODEL.

f7 cire 76607 t' ,M w V 6 l. 2. a 1.070

9 u mf Y P., m ...w

/ Y 4 M BR Amma Naf/44,007. PATENIIED Nov. 1o, 1903.

J.PR0BGBR. MANUFAGTURE 0F GLASSWARE. APPLIGATION FILED APB. 1l 1902.

N0 MODEL. 8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

8 SHEETS-SHEBT 51 No. '144,007'. PATENTE) Nov. 10,l 1900. '.T. PROBGER.

. MANUFACTURE OFGLASSWARE.

AyPLIoATIoN FILED APR. 1. 1002.

No MODEL.

-' PATENTED NOV. l0, 1903.

J. PRGEGER. MANUPACTURE 0F GLASSWARE.'

APPLIUATION IIED APR. l, 1902.

s SHEETS-SHEET 6 ND MODEL.

Julius Praeger, by H15 AVwm 4 PATmfm-:D NOV. 1o, 1903.v

J. PRUBGBR. MANUFAGTURB I0F GLASSWARB.

APPLIUATION FILED APB. 1, 1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

VN0 MODEL.

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v. nu DG w I Fvg Wm Mm um M PATENTED NOV. 10, 1903.

J. PRDEGER. MANUPAGTUEB 0F GLASSWARE.

APPLIGATIGN FILED APB.. 1, 1902.

lB SHEETS-SHEIITv 8.

No MODEL.

woz).

UNITED STATES?! latented November 10, 19,03.

PAT-ENT OFFICE.

JULIUs PROEGER, on GREENSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, AssieNoR, BY Mssns ASSIGNMENTS, TO TOLEDO GLASS COMPANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, A COR-` PORAT'ION OF OHIO.

MANUFACTURE oF eLAsswARE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters .Patent No. 744,007, dated November 10, 1903.

Original application filed May 22, 1900, Serial No. 17,527. Divided and this application tiled April 1.1902. Serial v No.'101,175. (No specimens.) l

To all whom it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, JULIUS PROEGER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Greensburg, in the county of Westmoreland and State of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Glassware, of which the following is a specification. I

In the accompanying drawings, which make to part of this specification, Figure l is a side elevation of my improved machine, part-ly in vertical section. Figs. 2, 8, 4, and 5 are detail views, Fig. 2 being a top plan View of one of the molds partly open. Fig. 3 is a horizon- 15 tal section of the neck end of the mold lookingupwardly. Fig. liisadetail view of amodied'construction of bottom for the mold, and

Fig. 5 is a Vertical sectional view of the valve for controllingr the traveling bottom shown in Fig., 1. Fig. 6, Sheet 2, is a top plan view of Fig. 1j. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on the line VII VII of Fig. 1, showing the roasting mechanism, and the mechanism for moving the traveling bottom. Fig. 8, Sheet 3, is a .z5 longitudinal section on the line VIII VIII of Fig. 6, the suction device. being in commu-v nication with the mold-cavity. Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of themouth of the suc tion device. Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional go view of the foot of-the rotary mold-carrying standard. Fig. 11, Sheet 4, is a front elevation of the machine, the parts being in the same position as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. l2 is a detail View of the upper .portion of the l 35 mold-carrying standard, showing the camgrooves for reversing the molds and the camgrooves for tilting the cup. Fig. 13 is a plan View of Fig. 12. Fig. 1li, Sheet 5, is a detail vertical section of a part of the apparatus, showing the mechanism for Voperating the traveling bottom, the mold, and a blow-head, the latter being supported differently from the devices of the preceding figures in that it is arranged to travel with the traveling gboti5 tom. Fig. l5 is a vertical section of an apparatus ofinodiiied construction, showing the parts as they are just after the sucking of the blank. Fig. 16 is a horizontal section on the lineXVI XVI of Fig. l5. Fig. 17 is a vertical section of the mold of Fig. in reversed 5o position with the bottle blown` to iinal form. Fig. 1S is a detail side elevation of the lever mechanism for operating the valve which controls the lowering Aof the cup. in which the gathering of glass is placed. Fig. 19 is a hori- 5 5 zontal section on the line XIX' XIX of Fig. 15. Fig. 20 is a horizontalsection ofthe valve which controls the movement of the bottom .A and which supplies the air for blowing the initial cavity in the blankof Fig. l5. Fig. 21, ,6o Sheet (i, `is a side elevation, partly in vertical section, of apparatus like that of Fig. l, modil fied in such manner that the blanks after being partially formed in the molds 2l are trans-r ferred to `other molds 86, in which they are c5f finished. Fig. 22 ,is a top plan view vof the apparatus shown in Fig. l. Fig. 23, Sheetf, v is a sectional side elevation of a modiiied inachine. Fig. 2i is a` plan view thereof, and

Fig. 25 is ahorizontal section on the line XXV 7c I XXVof Fig. 23, and Fig. 2G is a detail. section'of a suction deviceof modified construction.

This application is a. divisionof my.v applij @ation serial No. 17,527, site May 22, 1900,75

the subject-matter of certain of the claims annexed hereto having formed a part vof my application Serial No. 665,638,'led January 5, 1898. i

The purpose `of my invention is to provide 8o l a method of manufacture whereby articles ofhollow glassware can be formed rapidly cheaply, and lof perfect form. By .its use I am enabled to dispense with much labor heretofore necessary. to be employed and reduce 4 the cost of manufacture to aV minimum. So far as narrow neckware is concerned, thisapparatus shows,` so farV as I an1awa rethe first practical machine for manufacturing. the f same in distinction from manual processes 9o In the accompanying drawings 4I showthe p preferable form of apparatus, in which my invention can be practiced; butit will be understood by thoseskilled in the artthat the saine may be modified in various Ways without departure `from the principles of my invention as defined in the broad claims of this specification. In fact, I myself have already devised and in some instances built alternative apparatus' for accomplishing several of the steps of the present process.

On Sheets 1 to 4 of the drawings I show a movable (preferably rotary) mold-carrier 2, mounted in a vertical standard 3, which is rotatory around a fixed post 4, forming part lof the iixed frame structure 4 of the machine. vThe standard may be stepped on ballbearings 5 and provided with adjusting devices 6, bywhch it may be adjusted and the mold-carrier held level, so that the molds are kept in truly vertical positions.

To rotate the standard 3 in step-by-step fashion, I may employ a vhand-lever 7, pivoted at 8 to the base of the machine and'connected bysuitable mechanism, preferably a link 9, slide 10, link 11, lever 12, (pivoted at 12,) and link 13, to a loose ring 14, carrying a lspring pressed pawl 15, which engages ratchet-teeth 16 on the standard 3. The standard normally may be locked by a detent 17, adapted to engage in succession notches 18 on the standard or on a ring 19,

fixed thereto, so that during the periods when the blank is being formed the mold-carrier may be held rigidly. The parts are preferably so arranged that the act of moving the lhand-lever 7 into the position shown in Figs.

. ing several (in the drawings six) molds 21 'journaled thereon on axes 22,'which are opposite or nearly opposite to the middle of the length of the mold-cavity. Although not indispensable, this relative location of the axis to the center of the mold lI consider highly important, as it greatly reduces the tendency of4 the blank to swing laterally in the mold during the 1n olds reversal and lessens the danger of the free portion of the blank becoming attached to the sidewalls of the mold, thus ruining the articles. At a certain period of travelof each mold it is preferably reversed in position, turned through one hundred and eighty degrees by suitable mechanism, which may comprise cam-guides, preferably grooves 23, Figs. 8 and 12, formed on a head 24 of the fixed post 4, and at a point 23' the guides are shaped in the manner of an' open switch,

so as to' deflectthe projections or rollers 22', which extend from the journals of the molds into the guides, and. to canse each projection to exchange. position with the other, the upper projection to enter the lower guide and the lower projection to enter the upper guide, thus reversing the mold.

The molds 2l are of suitable construction,

preferably divided vertically into two parts and open at the ends. The interior'in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 14 is of the shape of the bottle to be formed therein, and

ward, a head is brought into contact with the neck end of the mold, a4 suction is created, so as to draw the glass into the neck portion of the matrix and to shape the neck of the bottle. Air is th en preferably blown into the neck through the nose of the head, which projects into the glass, and in this manner a preliminary cavity is formed in the blank. The head isthen lowered, the mold -carrier rotated to bring the mold to a second station, during'which motion the mold is inverted. At the second station a'bottom is applied to the mold, and the blank is freed from the sides of the mold while still supported by the neck-ring 25 and is allowed to elongate by gravity to the extent desired. The moldcarrier is rotated one step more. A blowhead is then applied to the mold, and the glass blank is expanded within the mold, preferably to its inal form, or the glass may be' blown up to finished form at any subsequent station to the sucking-station. v

I will now describe the means which I have devised for performing these operations.

First. The cup for 'introducing the glass finto the mold- If desired, the gathering of glass may be dropped directly from the gathering-tool into the open end of the bottle-mold, which at the irst station A is neck downward; but I prefer to employ a cup 26, in which the gathering is received and from -which it is delivered into 'the mold.

The cup 26 has a shank 27 journaled on a bracket-arm 28, which extends radially from the post 4 and is adapted to swing horizontally around the same conentrically with the mold-carrier 2. To turn the shank 27, I employ cam grooves or guides 29, which are formed on a curved plate 30 on the head 24 and receive projections or rollers 27 on the shank. As the bracket-arm is swung around the p ost 4 these projections are guided by a switch-like portion 29' of the grooves, Fig. 12, and turn the shank and the cup through a half-revolution- The part-s are so arranged that when the cup is thus inverted its mouth shall be directly over the mold 21 at the iirst station end A, (shownin Figs. 8 and 11,) and Ain order that the motion of the cup while it 'is being inverted shall be in the nature of aA planetary motion or eccentric sweep I place the cup out of line from the axis of the shank. It is preferable to employ means by which the glass when introduced into the cup may be held at the base thereof until the cup has been completely inverted over the mold. For

IIO

this purpose I prefer to use suction, and a convenient way of effecting this is .to format the bottom of .the cup a chamber 31, separated from the cup by a yperforated movable bot` tom 32. The chamber 3l:has an air-inlet'33, which directs-the air therefrom through an air-outlet 34 in the opposite side of the chamber 31, andthe construction is such that when the cup is moved to its inverted position over the mold atv the station A the outlet will be closed, preferably by coming into contact with. a spring-backed plate or stop 35, Figs. 1 and 11. When the cup is in its upright position, (shown in Fig. 12,) the 'gathering of glass is placed in it and the air blown through the pipe 33, and therefore through the chamber 31, produces a partial vacuum in the chamber 3l, which holds the glass upon the bottom of the cup. Then by a handle 36 or other convenient means the operator swings the bracketarm 28 horizontally, thus bringing the cup directly over the mold at the station A and inverting it. The closing of the airoutlet of the chamber 31 by the vplate 35 stops the sucking action and creates an internal air-pressure which moves the bottom 32 of the cup inwardly toward the cup-cavity and discharges the gathering of glass into the mold 21 directly beneath the same. is not only a convenient means for delivering the glass to the molds, but it also'serves another import-ant function in that it chills somewhat the gathering of glass at the end,

which is to form the bottom of the bottle, and thus gives to the outer s'kin or surface of the glass at that point suiicient strength to hold the glass together and prevent it from flowing too freely or being perforated by the blast of air which is afterward blown into it.

Within the scope of my invention, as broadly claimed, other means for surface-chilling the bottom portion of the bottle-blank may be employed, as will appear in the description of some of the modifications of my apparatus.

yThe cup is also of use in that it gives a preliminary shaping to the gathering of the glass and delivers it to the mold in the form and condition best suited for the subsequent operation. y

Second. The head by 'which the glass is sucked cmd blown-Beneath the first station A is the head 37, provided with suitable means for bringing itinto communication with the neck end of the mold. For the latter purpose I prefer the following mechanism: Between suitable posts or standards constituting part of the framework 4' is a guide 38, carrying a vertically-movable cylinder 39, at the upper end of which is the head 37. (Shown in detail in Fig. 9.) The/head has a central nose 40 adapted to fit within the ring 25 and to enter the mouth of the glass blank, which is formed around it. This nose is preferably provided with an inwardly-seating valve 41,

` backed by a spring 42 and adapted to be unseated by pressure of air introduced through a pipe 43,wl1ich may be connected with a The cup holder of compressed air, but which l prefer to connect with a small hand-pum p 44, adapted to deliver a known volume of air at each stroke of Aa handle 45. Around the nose is an annular suction-port 46, which when the head is in contact with the mold `communicates with the interior of the cylinder 39 by the passage 46'46" and with the mouth of the rings 25. The cylinder 39 .is carried by a bracket 47, secured to asecond cylinder 48, the lower head of which is secured to the hollow piston-rod 49 of a piston 49 within a third cyl-l inder 50. The cylinders 39, 48, and` 50 arearranged in line, and a central post 51 extends through the cylinder 50 and through the piston-rod 49 to the end of the cylinder 48 when the latter is at its lowest position. A stem 52 connects the pistons 39 and 48f and passes through a stuffing-box at the head of the cyl ders 46 and 39, and to bring the parts into the.

position shown kin dotted lines in Fig. 8. The valve 53 is suitablyconnected with the port of the cylinder 50 by a pipe 54,' as shown in Figs. 1, 8, and 1l.

Third. The suck-ing of he glass into the 'neck of the mold-The glass having been introduced into the mold and the head 37 having been brought to the mold, -asabove explained, the next operation is to cause a suction which will draw the glass down iutothe neck-cavity, and' thus form the neck of the bottle. This suction, which is preferably produced as soon as possible after the introduction of the glass into themold or simultaneously there( they will permit the passage of air, but will exclude the glass. employed for creating a suction, but I prefer Various means may be.

to accomplish it by backward motion of the piston 39. ,A valve 55 controls the admission f of compressed air into the cylinder -48 and is preferably adapted to be unseated by .cont-act of a stein 56 with a stop 57 when thecylin-v ders are moved to bring the head to the mold 21. When the valve is thus unseated, the air passing into the cylinder 48 moves back its piston and throughvthe rod 52 retracts the piston 39', creating in the cylinder 39 a par-- tial vacuum, which acts through the passages 46 and the port46 and sucksthe glass down into the ring 25 and around the nose 40, thus shaping the lhead of the bottle. 'i

V Fourth. The blowing of the preliminary cavity n the blank-The next operation is preferably the forming of a preliminary cavity in the blank. To do this,`while the mold is at the station A, as shown in Fig. 8, the operator gives a stroke to the lever 45, thus operating thel pump 44 and delivering through the nose 40 a jet of air of measured volume which unseats the valve 41 and blows acavityin the rzo blank, substantially as shown by dottedr lines in Fig. 8, although the same may belarger or smaller. This .completes the operations at station A. The head is then removed from the mold by operating the valve 53, so as to exhaust the air from the cylinder 50, whereupon the piston 49,with the cylinders 48 and 39,will recede from the mold, the cylinder 48 being connected with its exhaust-port 58 by the retraction of the stem 56 and the stop 57. When the cylinders 48 and 39 recede, their pistons are supported bythe stem 5l and are thus brought to the ends of the cylinders. The cup 26 being then orhaving been previously drawn back from the mold 21 into its initial position the moldsis ready to be brought to the second station B. This l eifect by moving the lever 7 so as to turn the standard and mold-carrier, and in moving to station B the mold is inverted by the cam guides or grooves 23, as already explained.

Fifth. The operation, of the mold-bottom.- The traveling bottom 59,'Figs. 1, 7, and 1l,

is of suitable shape to fit the bottom of the-` mold and is carried by a bracket 60,'journaled on the standard 3, so that it may swing radially thereon and may carry the bottom back and forth between the third or blowing station C and the second station B. The botdrawn thereby away from the mold, and its reverse motionv toward the mold may be accomplished by a spring 63, which acts when the air-'supply is cutoff from the piston 61.

As a convenient means for swinging thebracket 60, so as to carry the mold-bottom between the stations B and C, \I may employ a forked lever 64, pivoted to abracket 65 on the framevof the machine and connected by a link. 66 and arm 66' with the slide 10, which, as above explained, is moved by the lever 7.

The consequence is that whenxthe lever 7 is moved tothe left for the purpose of moving the pawl 15 to get a new bite on the ratchet '16 the bracket 60, with the traveling bottom,

is swung from station C to station B. Beneath the mold at the station B the valve 62 is operated so as to permit the spring 63 to raise the bottom to the mold, and when the operator draws back the lever 7, so as to turn the mold-carrier and to bring the mold from station B to station C, the bracket 60 and the movable bottom will travel with the mold to station C, being actuated by the lever 7 through the slide 10 and lever 64.

Sth. The freeing mul elongation of the body of the blank- Shortly after the mold has been inverted and has come to station B the sides' of the blank are freed from contact `with the mold and the blank is allowed to elongate by gravity, so as to approach the vertical dimension of the finished bottle. I eect this preferably at or immediately after the bottom 59 has been applied to the mold by opening the mold-sections, leaving the blank suspended within the neck-ring. The mold-sections are opened bymoving the sections slightly on their hinge; but it is desirable that when this is done the neck-ring by which the blank is supported shall be maintained in substantially central position between the mold-sections in order that the glass shall not come in contact with the walls of the mold on either side. For this purpose I prefer to use the mechanismI shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The neck-ring of the mold is divided in sections 25 25 on the same plane as vthe sections of the body portions of the mold.

The ring-section 25 is joined to one of the mold-sections 21 by a loose connection consisting, preferably, of a stud 67 on the neckring whichextends through ahole in the moldsection and permits independent motion of the neck-ring to the extent of the distance between the head of the stud and the side of the mold-section. The other ring-section 25 has a like loose connection 68 with the moldsection 21, permitting a slight independent motion of the latter. The ring-sections 25 and 25 are supported in a countersunk seat at the end of the mold-sections and are provided with a friction-catch, which may consist of a rod 69 on the one bearing against an arm 69' on the other and which serves to hold the ring-sections together frictionally and to oppose a slight resistance to their separation. In order to free the glass blank from the sides of the mold, the workman seizes the handle 70, disengages thereby the catch 70', by which the mold sections are held together, and moves the mold-section on its hinge 71. The

section 21 moves outward freely from the ring.-

During these' operations the friction-catch 69 69 prevents the separation of the ringsections 25 25. While the mold is held thus partly open, the glass blank elongates under the inuence of gravity, and when it reaches the desired length, preferably when the bottom of the blank reaches or nearly reaches the bottom 59, the mold sections are again closed `around the blank. Meanwhile the mold-carrier is turned, as above described, so as to carry the mold to the kthird station C, and in this motion it is accompanied by the traveling bottom 59, which remains in place at the end of the mold.

Obviously the friction catch above de- IIO cylinder 75.

.form of the finished bottle.

scribed does not interfere with the complete opening of the neck-sections when it is desirable to .remove the finished bottle.

Seventh. The blowing of the blank to 1i/nal for-:n. ln line with the cavity of the mold at the third station C is a blow-head, which in Figs. l to 13 is shown as mounted stationary on a bracket 72, projecting from the frame 4. This blow-head 73 is arranged to be moved into contact with the mold, preferably by being connected to a piston 74, movable in a cylinder 7 5, and has extending through it an air-passage, which is closed by a valve 76, the stem of which is carried .in said air-passage. The blow-head has a slight longitudinal movement on the piston 74, and when it vis brought into contact with the mold the stem of the valve by engagement with the blowhead will be stopped. Further movement ofthe piston Vbrings the valve-seat ofthe valve below the valve proper so as to admit compressed air from the cylinder 75 to the blowhead, and thence into the interior of the glass blank. The compressed air is supplied from the pipe 7 7 controlled by the valve 53. When the mold is brought tostation C, the operator manipulates the valve so as to admit air to the y Thereupon the piston 74 is depressed, the blow-head is brought to lits seat on the end of the mold, the valve 7 6 is unseated, and thecompressed air passes into the mold and expands the glass blank into the The air may then be cut off from the cylinder 75and the latter connected with the exhaust, whereupon the blow-head will be drawn back by a retracting-spring 7S.

Remoting finished wdrc.-The mold-carrier is then moved one step to carry the mold to the fourth station, and at this station or on the way thereto the mold'may be completely opened, as shown at D in Fig. 6, and the glass bottle removed and taken to the annealingoven wit-hout any further shaping and manipulation of the neck, such as has been required heretofore in making bottles, for the sus neck will have been or may have been completed by the sucking of the glass into the mold at station A. As the mold-carrier proceeds the mold under consideration is again inverted and brought into the position shown at E in Fig. 6, its nec-k end then being downward, and in this position it travels until it reaches again the station A.-

I have explained above the operation of the apparatus in making a single bottle, describing the steps which are performed at each of the several stations, but it will be understood that throughout the working of the machine these steps are being carried on at once in two or more molds at the stations A, B, and C-that is to say, while one mold is being charged with glass at the station A a second mold is at the station B and a third mold is at the station C, where the blank is expanded into final form. In some cases, however, where not much stretching is rewhile this multiple operation of the machine is claimed by mespecically the Abroader claims of this specification are not limited thereto.

the neck by sucking without thev costly reheatingy and hand-finishing of the same.

The modified traveling blow-head .of Fig. 14.-In Fig. 14 I show a modification of my invention, in which the blow-head 73a travels with the movable bottom instead of being mounted in a stationary bracket, as above described. For this purpose a bracket 79 is extended from the brackets 60 of the movable bottom and the cylinder 7 5a of the blow-head is mounted thereon. Otherwise the operation and construction are as above described, butthe blow-head may be brought down upon the mold either at the station B 0r at any time" between the stations B and C, and the air may be admitted to expand the blank when As the bottom and the blow-head desired. are never at station A the construction shown by thisl figure may be used instead of the botl One of the most important savings lof the machine is the complete formation of l Fig. 4 I show a mold-bottom 59a, which does not travel with the mold, but is operated by a stationary cylinder 80. Such cylinder is ixed under the blow-head at the station C, or the blow-head may' be set over the moldcarrier at the station B, in which case the stationary bottom should also be located at station B. Such stationary or non-traveling bottom may be employed in the manufacture of some articles of glassware; but in some cases the traveling' bottom -is necessary, and I believe it to be'always preferable.

The supplemental blowing-molds of Figs. 21 and @Q ln blowing some kinds of glassware, especially' long bottles, it is desirable to blow the blank nearly to finished form in one mold and then to expand it finally in a second matrix or mold, either by removing the blank from one mold to another or otherwise surrounding it by a second matrix after its initial shaping. In Figs. 2l and 22 I show convenient means by which it may be done. At

or near the station C, I employ a second moldcarrier 8l, arranged to be rotated around a post 82 by suitable gearing 83, connected with the rotating standard 3. On the post 8 2 is a second blowhead 84, which may be con- ILO lIO

structed and arranged similarly to the blowhead 73 above described. v The molds 2l may be constructed as already described, except that the body portion of the matrix-cavity has not the form of the iinished bottle, but is of the shape of the blank to be produced, and the neck-ring25a has a handle 85, adapting it to be lifted from the mold. l/Vith this form of my invention after the blank has been blown at station C, as above described,

the mold is opened, the neck-ring is lifted sof as-to take the blank out of the mold 2l, the

article is then transferred to a mold 86 on the carrier 81, and by the vrotation of the latter carrier it is brought under the blow-head 84 mold-carrier, although this plan is feasible.

" trix-section 87 into the mold 21. The gathering' The modified construction of Figs. 15 to 20.-In the modified construction shown in Figs. 15'to 20 there is a matrix in which the body of the blank is initially formed, the ma trix being afterward re moved from the blank, and another matrix in which the blank is blown to final shape is substituted therefor.

In Fig. 15 I show the mold 21 at the station A, at which position it is neck downward and is mounted on its carrier in the same manner as described with reference to Figs.l 1 to 14, being in engagement with a head 37, which also may be constructed as above described. The other end of the mold contains a matrix or telescoping sleeve body blank mold 87, the interior of which is of the initial shape desired for the body of the blank and which is arranged tobe movable into and removable from the mold at the station A. For thispurpose I may employ cylinders 88, Whose pistons 88 are connected with the matrix-section 87 and are adapted`to move the same into the mold 21, their removal being effected by a counterbalancing weight or spring 89, connected withthe pistons by a lever 90. 'The (valve 91 of the cylinders 88y may be operated independently, but it is preferably operated by the motion of the lever 7, so that when the lever 7 is moved to bring the mold to the station A the cylinders 88 will immediately move the section 87 into the mold-cavity. For this purpose `I may arrange the valve-lever 92, Fig. 18, so that it will be engaged-by a projection 93 on the link 9, which is connected with and moved by the hand-lever 7. l When the cup 32 is not used, the gatheringof glass is dropped from the gathering-tool directly into the mold, and in order to accomplish the chilling of the bottom of the gathering, which in the construction of Fig. 1 is performed by the cup, I may employ a movable end piece 94, adapted to be moved by sui ble means, preferably a cylinder 95 and piston 95', into the end of the matrix-section 87. The valve 96, by which the cylinder 95 is controlled, is shown in detail in Fig. 20 and preferably has ports 95a and 43, which lead, respectively, to the cylinder 95 and to the nose 40 of the head 37, the valve being so arranged that it will successively cause the approach of the bottom 94 to the mold and the admission of air to the nose 40. The operation is as follows: The lever' 7 having been moved to bring the mold 21 to station A, the valve 91` is operated as above explained, so as to introduce the mai of glass is then dropped into the mold, and by suction, as above explained with reference to Figs. 1 to 14, the glass is drawn into the neck .portion of the mold-cavity. The valve 96 is then moved so as successively to close the cavity of the matrix-section 87 by bringing the bottom piece 94 thereto and then to admit air to the nose 40. The air passes into the glass blank and forms an initial cavity therein, expanding it Within Athe matrix-section 87 and chilling slightly the surface of the glass by bringing it into contact with the end piece 94. The valve 96 is then reversed to exhaust position, and the lever 7 is pushed back to get a new grasp on the ratchet of the standard This causes a reversal of the valve 91, turning it also to exhaust position, and thereupon the counterweight 89 raises the pistons 88 and by engagement of a cross-head 97 on said pistons with a stop 98 on the piston 95 the matrix-section 87 and the movable end piece 94 are moved together out of the mold. The head 37 is retracted, as above described, and the operator then moves back the lever 7, so as to advance the mold-carrier to invert the mold and to bring it to a succeeding station, which is illustrated in Fig. 17. The mold is then bottom side down, with the blank hanging suspended therein from the neck. Afinishing mold-section 99; whose matrix is of the shape of the body ofthe finished bottle, is then raised by suitable means, preferably a cylinder 100 and piston 100', so as to inclose the lower portion of the blank, a blow-head 73 is brought down upon the mold, and air is blown therethrough, expanding the blank within the section 99 and forming the finished article, If desired, the finishing mold-section ICO 99 by obvious modifications may be inserted .IIO

sectional, and when so constructed shouldbe 4providedlwith an air-vent 101.

The 'modz'jed appara-tus of Figs. 28 to 26.- In the apparatus of Figs. 23 to 26 although many of the essential features of the apparatus and method above described are employed the apparatus is modified in various Ways. For example, the cup inwhich the gathering of glass'is placed is not tipped to discharge the glass, nor are the molds inverted during the formation of the article. To move the molds 103, I employ a rotary standard 102, mounted upon a central `shaft or step and carrying the molds, which are arranged around its periphery, as shown at A B C D in Fig. 24. This standard is driven by a pawl-and-ratchet mechanism 104, (illustrated in Fig. 25,) operated by a hand-lever 105 orfotherwise, so that at each operation of the ratchet the standard will'be turned one step, in the construction illustrated onefourth of a revolution there being four molds on the sleeve.

Beneath the stationl A, inwhich the neck of the blank is formed by suction, is a movable (preferably a rotary) table 106, carrying a se-l ries of cups 107, adapted to receive the gathering of glass.

One of the cups is shown in section in Fig. 23. It has a matrix-cavity in vwhich the glass is received, and a base composed of avplug 108, iixed to the body of the cup and formed with an air-passage or airpassages 109 of small size adapted to admit air to the interior of the matrix when suction takes place. The plug and the body ot' the cup may be made in a single piece. The cups have stems 110, by which they may be raised vertically into the mold-cavity when they are successfully brought thereunder by rotation of the table, and. to lift the stem l use a pusher-rod 1.11, adapted to be raised by a foot-lever 112. The table 106 is mounted on a vertical shaft or stem 113 and is rotated simultaneously with the rotation of the standard 102, preferably by engagement of a friction-wheel 114 on said standard with the periphery wheel of the tablel The molds 103 are open at the bottom to permit insertion of one of the cups, and the upper part of the mold-matrix has the shape desired to be given to the end of the blank formed therein. Above the mold at the station A is a blowing apparatus comprising a hallow stem 115, carried by a vertically-moving head 116, which is movable downwardly, so as to bring the stem 115 into the matrix of the mold. As a convenient means ofvetfecting this motion I may mount the head 116 in a cylindrical casingll and fit a pin 118 on the plunger on an inclined groove 119 in the casing, so that when the head is turned by a handle 116 it will also be caused to move vertically. To produce the exhaustion of air by which the suction is caused, I make the head 116 tubular, so that it may serve as a cylinder with respect to an internal piston 120, the raising of which will cause a rarefaction of air in the head 116 below it. Air-passages 121 of small diameter lead from the cavity in the Head 116 into the chamber 122, whence airpassages 123 of small diameter lead through the head of the stem 115 and terminate at the part thereof which when the stem is inserted in the molds is at the end of the matrix-cavity. The piston 120 may be operated by a motor-piston 124, contained within the casing 117 above the hollow head 11G and operated by compressed air admitted from Ya pipe 125 and controlled by a valve 126, which-when its lever 126 is in the position shown in Fig. 23 by full lines will admit air to raise the piston and to cause a suction in the-lower part of the head 116 and which when turned into the position shown in dotted lines causes the air to exhaust and permits the`piston 124.L to

or other retracting device. The piston 124 is connected with a suction-piston by an intermediate stem passing through a stuffingbox 129,v contained in the casing 117.

To admit air for the blowingand expanding of the blank., the stem 115 is made hollow,

and the passage through it is closed byavalve 130, which is normally held in sealed position by a spring 131 and which may be unseated by the pressure of air flowing through the stem. The air is admitted through a pipe 132, leading from an air-supply pipe 133, whose valve 134 may be connected with the lever 126 of the valve 126, so as to be opened to admit air to the pipe 132 bythe same motion which lconnects the pipe with the exhaust-port.

The operation of the parts of the apparatus whichI have just describedris as follows: The operator introduces into one of the cups 107 sufcient glass to fill the cup. The standard 102 is rotated by the mechanism 103, and the same motion which brings the mold around to the station A also turns the table 106, so-as to bring a charged cup 107 into position directly below the matrix of the mold. The operator then by depressing the foot-lever 112 raises the cup, with its charge of glass, into the matrix of the mold and by the lever 116 brings the plunger 116 downwardly, so as to cause the stem 115 to enter and to close the end of the matrix. Then by operation of the valve 126 the piston 124 is raised, moving also the piston 120 in the casing 117 and producing an exhaustion of air, which, connectin g with the interior ofthe matrix through the air-ports 121, 122, and 123, sucks up the molten glass around the stem 115 and into the end of the matrix and forms the neck of a bottle of the shape desired. The valvelever 126' is then reversed, and the air is admitted thereby through the pipe'132, which, unseating the valve and passing through the hollow stem 115, blows a cavity in the Vbody of the blank, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 23, thereby filling the cavity of the cup left by the glass, which has been displaced upwardly by the suction, although thispreliminary blc-wing in some instances' may be omitted. The cup is then withdrawn downwardly from the bottom of the mold, the blowing-stem is lifted from the neck of the mold, and the sleeve-standard 102 is turned a quarter-revolution to the station B, bringing another mold into position `below the stem 115 and another cup 107, charged with glass, below .the mold, whereupon the operation above described is repeated.. The next quarter-turn of the standard brings the mold from the station B into the station C, at which the blank is finally expanded by blowing. For this purpose I provide at the station C a movable mold-bottom135, which can be raised into contact with the mold by a foot-lever 1315, engaging a stein 135 of themold-bottom.

The blowing apparatus comprises a vertically-movable cap 137, which dts on. top of los the mold and has a nose 138, and above the cup and fixed thereto is a cylinder 139, connected with a curved flexible air-supply pipe 140, leading from the pipe 133. cylinder 139 is a hollow piston 141, whose passage is closed by a valve 142. The piston is normally kept in elevated position by a spring 143; but when air is admitted through the pipe 140 the piston is moved downwardly until the end of the valve-stem engages a stop or projection 144, which will unseat the 4valve and permit the air to'ilow through the nose 138.

When the mold is brought into the station C and the valve 134 is opened by the same operation which admits air through the pipe 132, as above described, the air also enters the pipe 140, and as this pipe is exible the passage of the air therethrough will force the cylinder 139 downward ly in its casing or guide 145 until the end of the cap 137 is seated upon the top of the mold. Further exertion of the air-pressure from the pipe 140 within the cylinder 139 will force down the piston 141 against the pressure of the spring 143, (said spring being made strong enough to uphold the piston until the cap 137 has been seated,) and at the end of the pistons motion when the valve-stem engages the stop 144 the valve is opened and the air passes through the nose into the matrix and expands the blank into its finished form, the mold-bottom 135 having been raised, so as to close the matrix before the blowing begins.

When the air is shut off by the valve 134, the piston 139 and cap 137 will be retracted by a weight 146. The mold-bottom then being dropped, the mold is brought at the next quarter-rotation of the standard 102 to the station D, at which it is opened and the finished article removed therefrom.

It will be understood that the operations of the machine are continuous, and at each quarter-revolution of the standard one of the cups 107, with glass charged therein,is brought to station A, an empty mold is also brought to station A, where the blank is initially formed, another mold, with a blank, is brought into the station B, where it is at rest, and a third mold into the stationC, where the blank is finally expanded, and a fourth mold into the station I), wnere the finished article is removed, and that at each operation of the airvalve 134 a blank is initially sucked and blown at A, andV another blank is nally blown at C. The station B is an idle station,

and although lit is preferable it is not essential to the operation of the machine.

Instead of constituting the larger matrix at A merely by removing a cup from the interior of the mold the same end may be otherwise attained by means now recognized as equivalents.

The following are some of the details of construction of the apparatus shown in the drawings and not already described:

Within the In order that the molds may be locked or l held positively in the several positions into which they are' successively brought, I provide a latch-rod 147, adapted to engage stops 148 on the standards 102 and normally held in such engagement by a spring 149. When the lever is moved to turn the standard it engages a cam 150 on the latch and disengages it from the stop, so as to permit the standard to be rotated.

As shown in Fig. 23, the lugs or brackets 151 and 152, by which the casings 139 and 117 are respectively held, are preferably made vertically adjustable in order to provide for the proper adjustment of the parts of the machine.

I prefer that the levers 112 and 136 should be compound levers, each lever being pivoted at its end on a pivot 153 and at a middle point joined by a slotted connection 154 to the end of a lever 155, which is pivoted at 155', and at its outerend bears upon thestem 111 or 135', as the case may be. This construction of the levers makes it easy for the parts 111 and 135', which are upheld thereby, to drop as soon as the foot-pressure is released.

In Fig. 26 I show instead of the piston foi; creating a suction by which the blank is formed an exhaust-pump. b, operated by a steam or air jet from a pipe c, the ejectorpipev d producing a partial'vacuum in the chamber connecting with the lair-passages 121 122 123. Other mechanism for exhausting the air may be admitted.

The advantages of my invention consist in the cheapness and rapidity with which it enables me to make articles of glasswaresuch as jars, bottles, &c.-and in the excellent qualit-y of the articles which are produced thereby. The invention is well adapted to the manufacture of narrow neck bottles, which heretofore,so far as I know,had not been made successfully by machine. It will be understood,however,that although I have shown roo ICS

IIO

the apparatus adapted to carry out my method of manufacturing narrow-neck bottles my method is not limited thereto, but may be used for making glass articles of other kinds by suitable changes in the form and relationl of the parts of the apparatus. As there are many novel and original features of process in my application independent of the novelty of sucking the neck, I desire to claim such features, both singly and in combination, even when some 'other method of forming the neck is resorted to.

It will be understood also that parts of my invention stated in the the blank so formed to form a cavity in the blank, and then inverting the blank and exblowing an incipient cavity therein, and'then completely blowing and expanding the glass."

5. The method of forming hollow glass articles which consists in forming one end thereof by sucking, reversing the blank, elongating the blank and finally blowing to finished form.v 6. The method of forming hollow glass articles which consists in forming one end thereof by sucking, blowing. a preliminary air-cavity -in the blank, reversing the blank, elongating y the blank and iinally blowing to finished form.

7. The` method of forming glass articles in molds, which consists in `forming one end thereof by sucking, reversing the lmold, slightly opening the mold and permitting the blank to elongate 'by gravity, closin g the mold and blowing to finished form.

8. The method of forming glass articles in molds which consists in 'forming one end thereof by sucking the glass in an open-ended mold, reversing the mold, applying la bottom to the open end and blowingto finished-form. 9. The method of forming glass articles which consists in sucking one end complete with an attached blank mass of glass and blowingl the blank to finished shape.

10. The method. of forming glassarticles i which consistsfin sucking one end complete with an attached blank mass of glass formed in a removable matrix, stripping the blank of said matrix, inserting a new matrix and blowy d ing to finished shape.

1l. The method of Vforming a lglassware blank which consistsv in sucking the glass into a tubular end-withan attached mass of glass,

then blowing throgh said tubular end and expanding said mass. s

12. The method of forming glass articles which consists in sucking the glass into a tubular end with an attached mass of glass, blowing through said tubular end to expand the blank and finally blowing to finishing' shape.

February, 1902. Witnesses BENSON R. HEDGs, GEORGE Bna'mn.`

' -55 Signed fat Columbus; Ohio, this 21st day of JULIUS Prion-Gaan.` i 

